From1Januarythrough18March2018,1495suspectedcasesand119deathshavebeenreportedfrom19states.Duringthisperiod376patientswereconfirmed,ninewereclassifiedasprobable,1084testednegativeand26areawaitinglaboratoryresults(pending).Amongthe376casesclassifiedasconfirmedandnineclassifiedasprobable,95deathswerereported(casefatalityrateforconfirmedandprobablecases=24.7%).
從2018年1月1日至3月18日,在尼日利亞19個(gè)州共報(bào)告1495個(gè)疑似病例和119例死亡病例。在這期間確診376名患者,9名為可能性病例,1084名病例檢測(cè)為陰性,26名仍在等待實(shí)驗(yàn)室結(jié)果(待確認(rèn))。在已確診的376例病例和9例可能性病例中,報(bào)告了95例死亡病例(確診病例和可能性病例的病死率為24.7%)。
世界衛(wèi)生組織風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估
Lassafeverisaviralhaemorrhagicfeverthatistransmittedtohumansviacontactwithfoodorhouseholditemscontaminatedwithrodenturineorfaeces.Person-to-personinfectionsandlaboratorytransmissioncanalsooccurwhenthereisunprotectedcontactwithbloodorbodilyfluids.
拉沙熱是一種能通過接觸被嚙齒動(dòng)物尿液或糞便污染的食物或家具傳染給人的病毒性出
血熱。與血液或體液進(jìn)行無保護(hù)的接觸也可導(dǎo)致人傳人感染以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室傳播。
ThecurrentLassafeveroutbreakinNigeriashowsadecreasingtrendinthenumberofcasesanddeathsinthemostrecentfourweeks.Thisdecliningtrendneedstobeinterpretedwithcautionashistoricaldatashowsthatthehightransmissionperiodhasnotpassed.Thesurveillancesystemhasrecentlybeenstrengthened.ThisisthelargestoutbreakofLassafevereverreportedinNigeria.
最近4周,尼日利亞拉沙熱疫情的病例和死亡數(shù)量已出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。這一下降趨勢(shì)需要謹(jǐn)慎解釋,因?yàn)闅v史數(shù)據(jù)表明,傳播高發(fā)期還沒結(jié)束。監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)在近期已經(jīng)得到了加強(qiáng)。這是尼日利亞有史以來報(bào)告的最大規(guī)模的拉沙熱疫情。
WHOadvice
世界衛(wèi)生組織建議
PreventionofLassafeverreliesoncommunityengagementandpromotinghygienicconditionstodiscouragerodentsfromenteringhomes.Inhealthcaresettings,staffshouldconsistentlyimplementstandardinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasureswhencaringforpatientstopreventnosocomialspreadofinfections.
預(yù)防拉沙熱在于社區(qū)參與和改善衛(wèi)生條件,防止嚙齒動(dòng)物進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。在衛(wèi)生保健設(shè)施中,工作人員在護(hù)理病人預(yù)防院內(nèi)感染時(shí),應(yīng)始終如一地執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的感染預(yù)防和控制措施。
TravellersfromareaswhereLassafeverisendemiccanexportthediseasetoothercountries,althoughthisrarelyoccurs.ThediagnosisofLassafevershouldbeconsideredinfebrilepatientsreturningfromWestAfrica,especiallyiftheyhavebeeninruralareasorhospitalsincountrieswhereLassafeverisendemic.HealthcareworkersseeingapatientsuspectedtohaveLassafevershouldimmediatelycontactlocalandnationalexpertsforguidanceandtoarrangeforlaboratorytestinganduseappropriateinfectionandcontrolmeasures.
來自拉沙熱流行地區(qū)的旅行者可以將這種疾病傳播到其他國家,盡管這種情況很少發(fā)生。從西非回來的發(fā)熱患者,特別是如果他們?cè)竭^拉薩熱流行國家的農(nóng)村或醫(yī)院,應(yīng)考慮進(jìn)行拉沙熱診斷。醫(yī)護(hù)人員在接診懷疑拉沙熱患者時(shí)應(yīng)該馬上聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧覍<乙垣@得指導(dǎo),并安排實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)以及采取適當(dāng)?shù)母腥究刂拼胧?/div>